Essay about Phaedo by Plato - 942 Words

Phaedo is an account written by Plato of the last conversation of Socrates’ before he will be put to death by the state of Athens by drinking hemlock. The dialog itself seems to recount Plato’s psychological, Metaphysical, and epistemological beliefs rather than an accurate portrayal of Socrates’ last conversation . The dialog addresses three main arguments for recollection including the argument of opposites, the argument of recollection, and the argument of affinity. Plato’s arguments in the Phaedo are less of an argument for immortality and more of an argument for duality. We must attempt to answer the questions: Are the arguments for immortality in the Phaedo used as a means for the soul to establish its own existence and†¦show more content†¦The first argument Socrates uses to defend his argument for the immortality of the soul is the argument of opposites. Socrates first establishes the existence of an underworld based on an ancient idea that souls that are born come from there; essentially, they are born from the dead. The argument continues that if the living come back from the dead, the souls must be in existence in that realm which for Socrates is proof that the living only come from the dead (Phaedo 70d). He then extends this reason to all plants, animals, and things that come to be. Socrates expounds this logic using the argument that â€Å"if something smaller comes to be, it will come from something larger before, which became smaller† (Phaedo 69e). Socrates establishes that the opposite of living is being dead, and therefore they must come from one another. Because it is established that life comes from death, and death comes from life and that this is a cyclical pattern, then there must be a place where the souls go after death to await life again (Phaedo 72a). Socrates’ next argument is for immortality based on the theory of recollection. Recollection is defined as when â€Å" a man sees or hears or in some other way perceives one thing and not only knows that thing but also thinks of another thing of which the knowledge is not the same but different† (Phaedo 73c). In others recollection occurs when someone â€Å"recalls† answers that they did not previously possess when ask certainShow MoreRelatedPhaedo by Plato1189 Words   |  5 Pagessee the importance of sensory experiences in order to provide answers about the natural world. Each view has their benefits and drawbacks but each play a vital role in the discussion about knowledge. The philosopher Plato is considered to be a rationalist thinker. In Plato’s Phaedo, he shows the reader that the five senses are not what one should rely on. The senses do not provide us with truth. One’s surroundings are constantly changing thus, their senses must change with them. For example, inRead MoreThe Apology And Phaedo By Plato Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe Apology and Phaedo by Plato are two different books describing what is like to be a philosopher per Socrates believes. These two books take place in two different scenarios in Socrates’ life, The Apology takes place in a court room where Socrates is to defend himself from false charges brought to him by Meletus who is acting as the prosecutor. Phaedo, on the other hand, takes place in a prison cell post judgment on the day of Socrates execution. Hence, The Apology and Phaedo appeared to displayRead MoreHarmony Theory In Phaedo By Plato1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn Phaedo, by Plato, Phaedo r ecounts an incident with Socrates. The story starts with Socrates opening up saying that Philosophers should not only accept death, but welcome it. After all, although the body will pass, the soul is able to live on because it is immortal. He uses a lot of his intuition to back up his claim, but the main rationale is the Argument of Affinity. He claims that the world is very binary. Things are either incorporeal and invisible, or not. The body is physical, visible andRead MorePhaedo by Plato Essay examples2494 Words   |  10 PagesPhaedo by Plato The opening of Platos Phaedo finds Socrates constructing a defense of the philosophical life. When consideration is given to the status of philosophy in Greece at the end of the fifth century BCE, such a defense seems unnecessary and, at the same time, difficult. This is because ancient Greece provides us with the origins of philosophy, and yet this particular period in history serves as a good demonstration of the publics general distaste for and persecution of it.Read MoreThe Flaws of Plato ´s Phaedo Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesPlatos final argument in Phaedo for the immortality of the soul is one of the most interesting topics of all time. It goes hand to hand with the application of the theory of forms to the question of the souls immortality, as Plato constantly reminds us, the theory of forms is the most certain of all his theories. The Phaedo is Plato’s attempt to convince us of the immortality of the soul by using several main arguments. These include the argument of forms and the law of opposites. In the finalRead MorePlato s Phaedo For The Immortality Of The Soul1701 Words   |  7 PagesPlato s final argument in Phaedo for the immortality of the soul is one of the most interesting topics of all time. The argument of whether the soul exists has been debated for years and even today. It goes hand to hand with the application of the theory o f forms to the question of the soul s immortality, as Plato constantly reminds us, the theory of forms is the most certain of all his theories. The Phaedo is Plato’s attempt to convince us of the immortality of the soul by using several main argumentsRead MorePlato s Phaedo : The Soul And The Body1409 Words   |  6 PagesSaila Sanders PHIL 011 Altshuler 25 September 2014 Plato’s Phaedo: The Soul and the Body In the Phaedo, Socrates proposes that the soul is immortal. Despite being a seemingly counterintuitive understanding, Socrates offers arguments for the soul’s immortality and expresses his view between the soul, or mind, and the body. Socrates practices reasoning to establish his philosophy on the concept of the soul and all that it necessitates. He rationalizes four theories of the immortality of the soulRead MoreComparing Plato Five Dialogues Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo By John M. Cooper1009 Words   |  5 Pagesin the world. While this exist in the world some of the things that bring people the most happiness in life is achieving a good education, treating others equally, and loving those around them. An example of this within Plato Five Dialogues Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo by John M. Cooper is the following. â€Å"Men of Athens, I am grateful and I am your friend, but I will obey the god rather than you, and as long as I draw breath and am able , I shall not cease to practice philosophy, to exhortRead MoreWhy Does Plato Think That the Soul Is Immortal? Is He Right? Discuss with Close Reference to Phaedo 102a-107b.1609 Words   |  7 PagesWhy does Plato think that the soul is immortal? Is he right? Discuss with close reference to Phaedo 102a-107b. The Phaedo is Plato’s attempt to convince the reader of the immortality of the soul using four main arguments. These include the argument of affinity, recollection, Forms and the law of opposites. In the final passage of the Phaedo, (Grube, 2002:102a-107b), Plato provides his ‘Final Proof’, despite seeming like the most conclusive argument it is not necessarily the most convincing. PlatoRead MorePlato s Apology And The Apology1591 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how Plato s Apology and Phaedo have difference ideas of what it means to be a philosopher. I will explain how in the Apology, the philosopher is wise in how he/she understand that they are wise because they know that they don t know, and in Phadeo the philosopher knowledgable and are concern in gaining more knowledge. In Plato s Apology we learn about Socrates life and who he really is. In platos Apology a philosopher is a wise person because he understands that

Analysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe

Oftentimes in order to understand a story further, it is extremely important to understand the background and context of the story. This holds true for â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† by Edgar Allen Poe. Through researching the Freemasons and Poe, the reader is able to understand the minute details Poe gently places in the story to ridicule a rival, embed a statement about alcohol and satirize Freemasons. Edgar Allen Poe was born in the United States without ever knowing either of his parents. As a foster child, he finally was raised by a family and went to college but then had to drop out when he lost his money due to gambling (â€Å"Edgar†). Along with gambling, Poe had a history with drinking and it was believed that he later joined the†¦show more content†¦With this information, we are able to break down three main components within â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† The first is that this story mocks Freemasons. During one portion of the story, Montresor pulls out a trowel as a symbol of brick layers in the Freemason’s lodge (â€Å"Masonic†). Fortunado, a man who claims he is a Freemason, is unable to deduce what this symbol means but eventually goes along with it. This reveals that Poe is ridiculing how Freemasons act. They are not organized well enough to where some of their own members do not know the symbols they hold important deduced b y Montreso when he remarks â€Å"then you are not of the brotherhood† (Poe, 18). The other part is that there are also haughty members who are not true Freemasons such as Fortunado. A second component we are able to break down is that Poe was somewhat influenced to weave in the Freemasons because of his rivalry with Dunn. These two have partaken in ridiculing each other and Poe uses the relationship between characters and Freemasons to attack at Dunn and claim he is not knowledgeable just like Fortunado. This is further examined when Poe includes that there are 11 tiers of bricks to seal Fortunado. 11 is a sacred number to Freemasons because that is the number of degrees in each stage of being a Freemason (â€Å"Masonic†). The last idea we are able to break down through this research is his support for the Washingtonian Movement. Fortunado was mentioned to be intoxicatedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1257 Words   |  6 Pagespe rvasive morals in Edgar Allen Poe’s short stories is the idea of just retribution. This means that while a character commits a crime or performs a destructive action – such as Prospero ignoring the subjects suffering in â€Å"The Masque of Red Death† or the murder of the old man in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† – something of equal cruelty happens to them. In both these short stories, both characters receive just retribution. Yet another example can be found in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, where Montresor claimsRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s `` The Glasses `` And The Cask Of Amontillado ``1545 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves digging for only one particular theme in every story he or she chooses to read; indicating he or she has an obvious favorite. However, believe it or not, many people fail to even realize a common theme between two or more stories. As for Edgar Allen Poe, he is successful in his writings in all realms, however, h e is notably creative and extravagant in his writing in the field of deception. What exactly is deception, though? Think back to middle school when a girl asked another girl which topRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado 1493 Words   |  6 PagesBrooke Womack Literary Analysis Paper Into to Literature: American I Dr. Julia Pond 12 October 2017 The Cask of Amontillado The Cask of Amontillado is a tale of terror written by Edgar Allen Poe. This short story is from the point of view from Montresor’s memory. The setting of this story is in a small unnamed European city, at a local carnival and then at the catacombs under Montresor’s home, around duck. The brief synopsis of this story is about the revenge that the Montresor, the antagonistRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1575 Words   |  7 Pageshas committed the perfect murder in just such a tale, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† Montresor plots and kills an unwary friend/foe during carnival time for motives that are unclear. The author of this tale, Edgar Allan Poe, influenced by his somewhat tragic life and one of the most influential Gothic writers, uses symbolism and irony to show the multitude of complicated motives of the narrator in his famous horror story. Upon examining Edgar Allan Poe’s life, one is not surprised that he chooses toRead MoreRevenge in Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillad Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado In the story The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe, he writes about a man named Montressor who for some reason (one that we do not know) vows revenge on a well respected and even feared guy named Fortunato, to better understand the story though you will want to know about the author Edgar Allen Poe. Edgar Allen Poe has been a hugeRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1282 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allen Poe’s short story, the cask of Amontillado, many readers take the words of the characters at face value. This story is designed and presented in a very different manner and most of the people are not ready to accept the facts that are presented in the story. Due to the structure complex structure of the story many other people explain the thoughts of the story in a very critical way. The main purpose of this paper is to see and analyze the critical reviews of how Frederic Jameson wouldRead MoreCask of Amontillado Imagery Analysis Essay703 Words   |   3 PagesAlyssa Becker â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Imagery Analysis In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe uses many examples of imagery, such as the descriptions of the carnival, characters, the walk through the catacombs, and much more throughout the story to build suspense and intrigue for the readers and add to the mystery of Montresor’s underlining actions of the revenge and deception of the foolish Fortunado. By using descriptive words and phrases to help us imagine the characters and settingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe2223 Words   |  9 Pages Edgar Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado tells the story of a man who illustrates vengeance in its purest form. The short story is set in an unnamed Italian city during a time of celebration and carnival. It is told in a flashback by the narrator, Montresor, who recounts the day he took revenge on Fortunato, a man who continuously insulted him until he had enough and responded. This story is one of the most influential works in the horror genre as it possesses valuable insight into the psychologicalRead MoreReflection of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†1682 Words   |  7 Pagesof â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allan Poe was a very dark, dramatic writer. All of his stories require the audience to reread his works of art. There are so many elements incorporated into his stories that it would be impossible to understand them all after one reading. His stories drip with irony and reveal mysteries in an interesting way. He writes his stories in a way that engages the mind and questions character. One of his most famous short stories is â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. ThisRead Moreâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesI cannot begin talking about â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† without first mentioning its author, Mr. Edgar Allen Poe and his unique style of writing. Poe’s style of writing is described as â€Å"Dark Gothic.† Poe uses irony to create a comedic effect which only foreshadows the horror ahead; his short story writing still giving readers the full effect of the story; Poe felt a story should be read in one sitting, with each event occurring in order keeping with the storyline as he states in his essay â€Å"The

Smartphone Security Essay Example For Students

Smartphone Security Essay Security Issues in Smartphone Markets Are you buzzing about the new Verizon Blackberry Storm or the T Mobile G1? They are the new crave and everyone wants one right? What these owners many not know are the security risks that surround the raving technology. Most of the unawareness starts at companies and customers not placing more significance on security as smartphones get smarter. Although a smartphone may not be at greater risk than a PC, some security issues and risks are still present with PDA’s and smartphones. In the United Kingdom, a whooping 800,000 people were the victim of mobile phone theft in 2006. Even though 90 percent of these phones deactivated within 48 hours, what happened to the other 10% of users that lost data to the crime. Smartphones are linked to the corporate network and are as vital as a laptop on the company network. Also, you cannot stop your employees from having accidents by underestimating these devices. Mobile phone operators can stop SIM cards and stop expensive calls from being made. However, a smartphone differs from regular mobile phones. Executives carry all kinds of information on the device, from confidential announcements, to financial results and business in progress. If any of these were ever lost, it could result in the lost of business and trust within company IT infrastructures. It is important to recognize the dangers before permitting a full mobile device network within the company. When sending emails, texts, and using smartphone applications may seem harmless, however your phone could be very vulnerable to hijacker attacks. We will explore some security issues that surround some of the primary smartphones leading the markets today and address how to mitigate users’ risk of being attacked. Some of the issues that smartphones are having problems with securing encryption keys that can unlock cell phone holders’ private information. Digital signatures are also being compromised through man in the middle and proxy attacks. While these may not seem to affect every user, surely the danger of having your password captured due to spyware may catch your attention. On the other hand, many Symbian Operating System security flaws that smartphones use to operate have proven to be the source of some application hijacks. Since smartphones such as Blackberry do not require an application code signature, network access is permitted attackers access to owners’ applications. This could cause third parties to send messages, edit, delete, and add contracts and PIM (Product Information Management) data, read and call phone numbers. Simple functions such as sending and receiving SMS (short message service) text messages can be intercepted by another application that could cause outgoing text messages to be picked up by an expensive application. This causes confusion to the smartphone owner who is oblivious that his or her messages have been negotiated leaving the customer to pay the bill. A problem for businessmen and/or businesswomen smartphone owners is opening certain files from their smartphone application can contain this malicious code causing the data to be compromised. A hackers’ claim that they can pay one hundred dollars for an API key that can open backdoor to Blackberry’s RIM (Research in Motion) devices. If this is true than owners and companies have to worry about the data integrity of within application and software. Some issues that are present are the talk about an API key that can be bought for one hundred dollars. It gives hackers the ability to allow unauthorized network access. Let’s take the iPhone developers. They have yet to incorporate Microsoft Exchange or Lotus Notes. This makes it easy for an Internet provider to expose private data due to unsecured connections to servers. The current iPhone user must forward their e-mail to an Internet service provider, potentially exposing data. Trust could be gained if communications were encrypted from start o finish and usage of a VPN. Some devices like Blackberry and Sidekicks argue that there devices are encrypted from start to finish, but that is one on a phone service aspect. With growth in mobile networks full encryption should be implemented on both phone and web network sectors. VPN’s could mitigate the issues surrounding application data integrity. VPN’s use SSL (Secure Socket Layers). A SSL provide security and data integrity for communications over TCP/IP networks and are used in wide-spread use in applications like web browsing, electronic mail, instant messaging and voice-over-IP (VoIP). With this connection a user can ensure that pictures, text messages, emails, and application data going out or coming in is kept private. Do users think spying on your smartphone is impossible or hard? Of course, spying through social engineering risk, but what about if users have no idea that they are being watched? When connected to a PC, smartphones no authentication. They are USB devices that can give up all data that is stored in them. If accessed by the wrong hacker, he or she could install malware that can store all of user events and upload them onto an Excel sheet. Trust Of giving counsel essay exampleBBProxy opens a back channel bypassing the organizations gateway security mechanisms between the hacker and the inside of the users’ network. The communications channel between the BlackBerry server and mobile device is encrypted and a tunnel is opened by an administrator so encrypted communications can connect to the BlackBerry server inside the organizations network. A hacker will use this backdoor channel to move around inside of an organization unnoticed and remove confidential information undetected or install malware on the network. The Palm Treo security flaw existed in how data is accessed. It can allow anyone in possession of the device the ability to find data even if the device is locked. With security threats, flaws, and risks discussed, why are smartphones targeted? Well, many store a lot of their personal and business information on smartphones. Users have the deception that their smartphone is immune to hackers or attackers. No anti-malware or anti-virus protection software is installed on smartphones. Also, policies are overlooked because the vision of a mobile device is not taken as serious as a computer on the network. This is why smartphone security is important. With the smartphone market being so competitive, the first smartphone to have a major security breech will surely fade away. With major PC companies such as Microsoft, they have a market advantage. Security issues that are with the software may not as picked apart as the smartphone market. This is simply because a mobile device and easily be replaced. So smartphone companies do not have the same pull on the market as Microsoft. The most important thing to worry about with smartphones is emails and browsers that gateways to malicious activity. Most risks that users face however are not setting a user password and losing their mobile device. Hopefully companies will be better prepared in preventing security threats that are overlooked in smartphones. Companies that are planning to give employees access to business applications on their company smartphones. First, a company should Know the technology youre getting into, advises Shane Coursen, senior technology consultant at Kaspersky Lab. This simply means to understand the security risks before the company purchase a certain mobile device. Educate employees on importance of smartphone security. Have training classes that teach employees on best security practices and make sure they understand company policies about smartphones. Addresses issues such as, using a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Hire a company that can manage the company’s smartphones. That is, find qualified companies to manage your smartphone network and updates. Have accountability of smartphones. Take inventory and have only one smartphone carrier. This helps pin point a problem easier if one was to ever arise. Know the risks that the company can face. If data was lost or vulnerable how would it be recovered or protected? If smartphones are used as a thin client, have employees access applications through a Web browser so that nothing is stored locally, encryption is a great line of defense for data thats transported between back-end systems and smartphones. Enforce passwords. This is a way of protecting mobile devices that have data stored on them even though spyware or back doors can be present. Firewalls also add to security to prevent penetration to data. The most important is to buy anti-virus software that will protect your smartphones from malware and set standards so that updates will be ran routinely over the air. Bottom line is users must start treating smartphone like a laptop or desktop. The steps to hardening a smartphone network should become a necessity. REFERENCES John Edwards. â€Å"The iPhone Security Threat. † 25June 2007. Submitted by Computers. â€Å"Smartphone Virus Threat? † 30 June 2008 Symantec Corp. â€Å"Symantec Mobile Security 4. 0 for Symbian protects smartphones from viruses, hackers and other malicious threats. † 2005 Secure Computing Corporation. Warning of a serious BlackBerry security threat. † 09August 2006 Dawn Kawamoto. â€Å"Palm Treos ring up security flaws. † 16 February 2007 Elena Malykhina. â€Å"Best Practices in Smartphone Security. † 03November 2006 Symantec announces Anti-Virus and Firewall for Symbian smartphones 9 May 2005 John Markoff. â€Å"Securi ty Flaw Is Revealed in T-Mobile’s Google Phone. † 24October 2008 Davak. â€Å"The Unimportance of Smartphone Security — so far. † 01 August 2007 Jon Espenschied. â€Å"Ten dangerous claims about smart phone security. † 23 March 2007 Ryan Naraine. â€Å"Cracking the BlackBerry with a $100 Key. † 30November 2006

What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot Essay Example

What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot Paper George Eliot was born in 1819, named Mary Ann Evans. She changed her name to George Eliot when she started writing; this was a trend that women novelists followed because they were considered inferior to men so therefore were not taken seriously when they wrote. One of the key things which are relevant to this story is the fact that George Eliot lived in both the town and country. George Eliot witnessed the industrial revolution as it was in full swing at that time. She saw people emigrating from the country to urban areas to find work in factories; this is why she included it in the novel with the presence of Lantern Yard. The Napoleonic wars took place during this period as well. This caused a decrease in the amount of food supplies which were imported into the country. Due to this limit in supplies the prices of home-grown went through the roof. Citizens of a lower class starved because they couldnt afford to buy food but to balance out the bad there was a good; in the long run this gave Britain superiority over the sea. We will write a custom essay sample on What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Silas Marner is full of twists and turns, from start to finish. It is about people who lived in a changing age and how their lives changed with time. The basic story is about Silas Marner, someone who has done wrong before he is rewarded with a final blessing. The story is quite sad, beginning with Silas in his native Lantern Yard. A key point in, which we must understand and appreciate, is that in those days people were moving from the country into the town. People emigrating meant that everyone was trying to adapt from their village life to the fast-paced town life. People liked living in villages but there was no work for them in the villages so they were left with no option but to move to a place where they could find work; mainly in factories, it was also important that the town had a church as they were regular church-goers. It was like a group of set villages put together and called a town; each with its own area name. Silas belonged to this sort of community along with its strange religious cult. Silas became friends with a man called William Dane, he was of a high standing in Lantern Yard. Silas had a mild epileptic fit but people thought that he was visited by god; this gave Silas a status that he could only dream of. Peoples speculations about Silas guest made him rise to a position of great importance and this is how he got to know William Dane. Silas and William were, in fact, the two most influential figures in Lantern Yard. People sought after their advice and would ask them what they thought was holy. They would also ask Silas to cure ailments with his special knowledge of herbs. After a while things started going wrong for the weaver when an old Deacon, who was ill, died under Silas supervision while he was in a visitation. Silas troubles were far from over, along with his inabilities to look after a sick man, he was accused of stealing the church money after the empty bag was discovered behind Silas loom. On these grounds William Dane convicted Silas of stealing the money and of being in league with the devil. He was found guilty by the drawing of lots; which were doubtlessly fixed by Dane. The whole community turned their backs on Silas, even his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e Sarah, so the weaver left Lantern Yard for Raveloe. He rented a cottage and began weaving; desperate to escape the pain in his life, he also grew to love money. He wanted to earn as much money as humanly possible so he worked all day and most of the night in his desperate bid to be rich. Just as things looked to be going right for the lonely weaver, his life flipped 180. One night while he was out collecting supplies Dunstan Cass came to his house and stole all his money. This would be enough to push anyone over the edge but for Silas, it was a lot more than that. For him his life was worthless and pointless, more to the point; over. He, again, tried to get back on his feet by working but he was still a nervous wreck on the verge of a mental breakdown. After a thorough search of the village the blame was nailed on a peddler who had passed through the village. Knowing who it was did not make it any easier for Silas. His heart was in broken and once again he was left to pick up the pieces of his ruined life. Silas fell into a trance when he went out to look for his money in the New Year. While Silas was unconscious a destitute baby crawled into his home and fell asleep on the fire place. Silas recovered and discovered the baby; he picked it up and took it to the home of Squire Cass, who was, sort of, the Lord of Raveloe. The Cass family were the highest ranking family in Raveloe. Squire Cass was a widower who had four sons and a house to take care of after his wife passed on. This was very rare for men; the household fell into a horrid state along with the moral state of his four sons. The Squires eldest son, Godfrey, married a pauper, Molly Farren, by being tricked by Dunstan, his younger brother; all this took place in secret. Dunstan was very conniving; he tricked his brother so he could blackmail him. Things go from bad to worse for Godfrey when his wife becomes addicted to Opium, he realised his mistake and regrets not waiting to marry Nancy Lammeter, the girl he loved and wanted to marry. Within a few years Godfrey disowned Molly and started to court Nancy. Godfrey paid Dunstan to keep quiet; the money came from the tenants which belonged to their father. Godfrey was in debt, a debt who could not afford to pay back. This resulted in him selling his horse, Wildfire, in order to pay it back. Dunstan agrees a deal with a man named Bryce but tells him hell deliver Wildfire to him later. On his way home he rides the Wildfire straight into a hedge where the horse falls and dies. Dunstan considers hiring a horse but instead takes the much easier alternative; he goes to Silas cottage and steals his money and slowly disappears into the night. Due to Dunstans mystery disappearance Godfrey was left with no option but to tell his father all about the money he lent to his younger brother. Godfrey paid back the money and continued courting Nancy. His conscious was blackened by Molly and their illegitimate child. On New Years Eve they attended a party at which Godfrey courted Nancy and life just seemed to go on. Silas appeared out of the blue with some very disturbing news. He was holding Godfreys baby and he had come to inform him of Mollys death. Godfrey is relieved to hear of her death so he starts with a clear conscience. Silas offers to look after the child; no one makes any complaints so Silas takes the baby and everyone goes on with their lives as normal. The story resumes 16 years later. Silas bought up the bundle with help from the villagers; she was christened Eppie. Eppie grew very much attached to Aaron, Dolly Winthrops son. Godfrey had a child from his wife Nancy but it died soon after. Nancy believed that she should have not any children; she even refused to adopt children. Silas was completely reformed, Eppie gave Silas a reason to live after all the misery and pain in his life, and she changed him into an active member of the community. Dunstan Cass hadnt returned yet to Raveloe but he was most certainly not missed. Godfrey was having the stone pits drained, which were near Silas house; they found a skeleton and two bags of money belonging to Dunstan. This caused Godfrey to own up about all the things he had done wrong in the past. He told Nancy all about Molly and that Eppie was his child. He also told her that Dunstan had been bribing him along with all his other dark secrets. Nancy was as supportive as could be expected and she told her husband to reclaim Eppie as her own. Silas had taken care of Eppie for most of her life so it was no surprise that she chose to stay with him when it was up to her to make the final decision between living with the Cass or Silas; she chose Silas after a fierce battle between him and Godfrey over who would look after her. Silas had a long talk with Dolly Winthrop who influenced his decision to take Eppie to Lantern Yard. When Silas arrived there he was shocked to find it had disappeared off the face of the heart; instead of Lantern Yard there was a huge factory standing there. The story ended with Eppie marrying Aaron. The Cass were not present but only two people knew the real reason behind their absence. Eliot was a fantastic writer; this story was structured in a fantastic way. Initially there are two stories; one of Silas Marner and the other of the Cass family. The main characters in Silas Marner are obviously Silas himself, Godfrey, Eppie, Dolly Winthrop, Nancy, Dunstan, Squire Cass and Aaron Winthrop. Silas is a strange man, he was an outsider from the moment he moved into Raveloe, but he was changed by Eppie; she forced him to socialise with people and to go to church. Godfrey was very unlucky, he was Dunstans brother, his young-adulthood was full of disasters; starting with the marriage to Molly Farren. His luck did change however, after the disappearance of his brother and the death of Molly, Godfrey was able to sort himself out and marry Nancy; his life was shaping the way he wanted it to. Eppie was the illegitimate child of Godfrey and Molly. After the demise of her mother she was adopted by Silas. Silas bought Eppie up, through the tussle with the Cass until she married Aaron. Dolly Winthrop was the typical early 19th century country woman. She regularly gave advice to those who needed it, especially Silas and Eppie. She was a charitable woman, she didnt, however, go to church every Sunday. Nancy, the daughter of Mr Lammeter was a very strong willed person with firm morals. She brought order to the Red House after her marriage to Godfrey. She tried to be a good wife to Godfrey and give him a baby and she did but it died soon after birth. She believed this was a sign that she should have no more children. She was very badly hurt when Godfrey told her about his previous marriage but she, once again, proved to be a great wife by supporting him and convincing him to fight for the custody of his only child. Dunstan was the real villain of the whole story. He lived a life of pleasure; being able to drink and party freely. He pushed his older brother Godfrey into marrying Molly Farren, so he could blackmail him for money; this shows he was truly ruthless if he was willing to do this to his own brother, his own flesh and blood. After, to an extent, killing his brothers horse, Wildfire, who Godfrey loved dearly, he stole Silas money before meeting his destiny; the same as the horse; death, he drowned in the Stone Pits. Squire Cass was the lord of Raveloe. He was coarse but generous with his sons. He was a widower and made his money by renting out land. He did not live long after his sons marriage to Nancy. Aaron Winthrop was the 5th son of Dolly Winthrop. He was the gardener at the Cass residence, also known as the Red House. He was very keen on Eppie and was luckily enough to marry her at the end of the story. There are many things in this story which tell us about life in the early 19th century. One of the first things we learn is that rural villagers were very suspicious of any outsiders, particularly of outsiders with any special abilities. This is shown on numerous occasions. For example: The shepherds dog barked fiercely when one of these alien- looking men appeared on the upland. Chapter 1, Page 13, Lines 12-14 This is shown once again not long after Silas money was stolen, when the villagers blamed the peddler because of his strange looks and because of the fact that he was an easy scapegoat. At this time Britain was the most economically developed country in the world, becoming more and more industrialised as time went on. People moved out of the country into the town in search of jobs. Everyone tried to recreate the feeling of unity where everyone knew everyone else. This resulted in groups of religious sects to spring up in one particular area, say where the church was. This is shown in the next quote where Eliot writes, Marner was highly thought of in that little hidden world. Chapter 1, Page 19, Lines 16-17 These mini cults were often devoted, their members lives revolved around going to church; they were all very protective and zealous in their worship, however, it also showed how quickly Britain was evolving. When Silas returned to Lantern Yard, 31 years after his exile, to find the community was no longer there; it had been replaced by a factory. Strangers were no longer frowned at, there was a strange atmosphere of not much care, people no longer gossiped about one another. This change is highlighted by Silas when he says, Its gone child, he said, at last, in strong agitation Lantern Yards gone. It must ha been here, because theres the house with the oerhanging window I know that its just the same; but theyve made this new opening; and see that big factory! Its all gone chapel and all.' Chapter 21, Page 232, Lines 1-4 Another thing that we learn from Silas Marner is that in the early 19th century rich people were very spoilt and did not have to work if they didnt want to. Dunstan is a great example of this. This is shown in the story when Eliot wrote, As you please; but Ill have a draught of ale first.' Dunstan Cass, Chapter 3, Page 42, Line 30 This highlights how spoilt the rich folk were. Rich people also had an authority over the working class; they were allowed to adopt any child they saw fit, as long as they were already being fostered already. They thought that poor people were incapable of expressing emotions and that the loss of their child would not affect them much. There was no law preventing them from doing this and the whole of chapter 19 shows this, in the way that Godfrey talks to Silas. The story shows us how strict the class system really was. This system governed 19th century Britain. Marrying in secret was something which was frowned upon and marrying out of your class was considered the same as a great sin. This was the whole fasard between Molly and Godfrey. Another thing included in this story is the way they tell of how crime fighting was conducted. There was no permanent police force; the village would elect the most important person to conduct the investigations. This was shown in chapters 7 8, after Silas money went missing. This highlights another point regarding village life; the church and pub were the nerve centres of the village. This is shown in the story after Silas money is stolen. When he realises of his loss he heads straight for the pub to drown his sorrows with a little help from alcohol. (Chapter 6, Page 77) In the 19th century it was the Parishs duty to look after the poor in the area. They had to bury them if they died and send their families to work houses. This is shown around the whole Molly Farren incident. The parish was delighted when Silas offered to look after Eppie; it allowed them to get rid of her as quickly as they possibly could and this lessened the burden upon them. If today, however, a middle-aged man offered parenthood to a little baby it would not be anywhere near as easy for him to take it, a long process would take place before a final decision was made. The story also shows us that people were the same then as they are now in the sense that they gave advice about children to people who were in need of it. This is shown in the story when Dolly Winthrop speaks to Silas. Eh, Master Marner, said Dolly, theres no call to buy, no more nor a pair o shoes.' Dolly Winthrop, Chapter 14, Page 162, Lines 10-11 In conclusion I have learnt that life was very unpredictable in the early 19th century. People always had to live life with strict rules but they always helped each other out; people were friendly to those they knew. We also see that people want a sense of community even in towns and life was based around a hierarchy. I think that Eliot thought of the town as horrible and liked the idea of living in the country; shown in chapter 2 when she describes the awful smell and conditions. This is because she has lived in both town and country herself, and she says that she preferred the country. It is not surprising that the novel informs about the time it was set because writers always wrote about the time they lived in and what they saw and then commented on it in their writing. I enjoyed reading Silas Marner and there are two reasons behind this. Firstly because it was very well written and taught me a lot about the time it was set in and secondly because it has a story behind it; Mary Ann Evans changing her name to George Eliot in order to get the respect she deserved as a novelist. This was interesting to me because in my opinion things are better if there is a good story behind them and I feel although the change in name is a very small story it has a very huge meaning, it proves that women were thought of as inferior when in actual fact just as good as the men or maybe even better. I would recommend this novel to anyone who would like to learn about early 19th century life or anyone who is after a good read because this novel is most definitely a very enjoyable read.

Inflecting OK

Inflecting OK Inflecting OK Inflecting OK By Maeve Maddox A reader stumbled on the word OKing in the following: Owners of eight rooftop clubs abutting Wrigley Field sued to overturn city approval of the $375 million plan to rebuild the aging ballpark, saying the city broke its own rules in OKing the plan and effectively deprived them of their property rights without due process. After a moment, the reader figured out that OKing was the present participle inflection of OK. NOTE: an inflection is a variation in the spelling of a word to indicate a change in case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, voice, or comparison. OK is inflected as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, OK is used in the plural as well as in the singular. As a verb, it is inflected to show person, number, and tense. A glance at usage in various publications quickly shows disagreement as to how to spell and inflect this indispensable word: Noun: Judge gives her preliminary  OK Is it Okay for My Cat to Have Milk? Get the estimates, then notify the receivers for  their OKs. We soon had inspectors come and give the house all of  their ok’s  and ratings. Verb (Past Tense): Highlights of gun  bill OK’d  by Massachusetts House   Bill delaying plans to move disabled from institutions OKed by NJ Assembly Cyber Bill okayed by US Senate committee; faces uphill struggle Verb (Present Participle): U.S. heading toward OKing more ‘Roundup-Ready’ genetically engineered farm acreage EPA rules on sulfur in gasoline, okaying guns in Indiana school parking lots What help do the authorities offer? The Chicago Manual of Style does not include a rule in any of its numbered sections for spelling or inflecting OK, but it does use the spelling OK in some of its examples. And in its question and answer feature, an editor declares that okay is a standard â€Å"equal variant† of OK. Three of my dictionaries–the OED, Merriam-Webster (M-W), and the Australian Concise Oxford (OA)–show OK as the preferred spelling and okay as an acceptable alternative. My Oxford Canadian Current English (OCC) gives okay as the main entry and OK as an alternative spelling. Here is their take on the inflections of OK as a verb: OED: Present participle OKing or OKing; past tense and past participle OKed, OK-ed, OKed. M-W: OKd or okayed; OKd or okayed; OKing or okaying; OKs or okays OA: OK’s, OK’d, OK’ing OCC: okays or OK’s, okayed or OK’d, okaying or OK’ing Finally, The AP Stylebook does not mess about with alternatives. Here’s the AP rule on inflections for the verb OK: OK, OK’d, OK’ing, OKs. Do not use okay. Bottom line: If you have a stylebook, follow it. If you have a choice, choose the inflected forms that make the most sense to you. Having made your choice, be consistent. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsWhat's a Male Mistress?Honorary vs. Honourary

Domestic Violence Attachment Theory Essays

Domestic Violence Attachment Theory Essays Domestic Violence Attachment Theory Paper Domestic Violence Attachment Theory Paper Douglas F. G. (2007) Attachment theory in clinical work with children: bridging the gap between research and practice. Guilford Press. John H. , Tonia L. N. (2007) Family interventions in domestic violence: a handbook of gender-inclusive theory and treatment. Springer Publishing Company, Steven N. S. , Gerald P. K. (2006). Forensic mental health assessment of children and adolescents. Oxford University Press US. Peter, Fonagy (2001) Attachment theory and psychoanalysis. Other Press, LLC, Jeffry A. S. , William S. R. (1998) Attachment theory and close relationships. Guilford Press. Jude C. , Phillip R. S. (2002) Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications. Guilford Press. John, Bowlby (1988) A secure base: clinical applications of attachment theory. Routledge. Frederick P. B. , Michelle M. C. (2006) Women who perpetrate relationship violence: moving beyond political correctness. Haworth Press. Debora B. , Sharon L. F. , Eric J. M. (2005) Handbook of behavioral and emotional problems in girls. Birkhauser.

Marketing Plan for a Camera Phone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 13

Marketing Plan for a Camera Phone - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the goals of the company are to launch the camera phone and capture at least 10% of the market in the first year. This means that the company has to ensure that the marketing is targeted and focused on the particular segments it wants the phone to be sold. Culture: The Company has a laissez faire and democratic culture in its dealings with employees and other stakeholders. This is part of the strategy to ensure that it remains in touch with the latest trends in the telecom space by aligning itself to the needs of the youth. Strengths: Apart from the technical strengths of the mobile phone and its perceived edge over the others in the design and features of the camera phone, the company also focuses on the emerging trends and tries to be ahead of the curve. According to the essay the Company hopes to gain market share proportional to the products that it is marketing and feels that this can be done. One of the aims of this marketing plan is to detail w ays in which the company can gain market share by targeting the customer segments appropriately. Market position: The Company does not have the market leader position but hopes to gain market share by launching its products into the market targeted at a particular segment and aimed at the brand conscious and style conscious customers. By this way, the company hopes to do well in the chosen market segments. Strengths: The competitors are well established and have a presence that is formidable. Only by playing to the company’s strengths in terms of features and style can the company hope to gain market share. Market shares: The market shares of the competitors are formidable but the company can rely on the product doing well in the market place. This is a sure way of ensuring that the market share is gained in a short time.

Marketing Research on Micro Beer Inc Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing on Micro Beer Inc - Research Paper Example A research problem is frequently regarded as the nucleus of any study report. A research process is practically impossible to carry out without any proper definition about the problem of the research. The process of identifying a research problem starts with the proper recognition of the objective of the study. After the research problem has been identified, the next step is to translate it into a research hypothesis. Thus a research hypothesis is defined as the logical guess that provides a possible outcome of the study. A research problem is also considered as the most important as well as the foundation stage for any research study. In other words it acts as the basis of the study i.e. based on which the study is conducted. Now in the context of the project the problem which has been highlighted in the case is to determine whether the company Micro Beer can actually capitalize on the opportunity of importing and distributing the fine Belgian beer in the market of Naples, where the product is not sold. Hence the primary requirement which has been assessed according to the project is to portray the demand of Belgian beers in the adjacent areas of Naples.

Hal and Henry IV Essay Example for Free

Hal and Henry IV Essay Throughout Henry IV part 1 the character of Hal becomes more and more complex. It is frequently changing in numerous essential aspects. It is evident that there are two main relationships he has, one with his father Henry IV and the other with Falstaff. Hal seems to struggle to sustain a good relationship with both of them at the same time and therefore enters a realm in which he oscillates from one to another. The relationships he has with these two can have powerful similarities at times, however at other times they seem most controversial. Falstaff is a long term friend of Hal and can almost be considered as a father figure to him. In fact, Shakespeare decides to make him act as Hals father at one point which could be considered as a true representation of their relationship; Shakespeare is in fact trying to show that maybe this is how it should be. Falstaff saying that This chair shall be my state, this dagger my/sceptre, and this cushion my crown. (2.4.312-313) is giving him the role of king, and thus the role of Hals father. A father is supposed to be a loving character and it is expected that the son will follow in a likewise manner. This is portrayed in Henry IV part 1 because Hal seems to emulate Falstaff in several things he does, this is especially palpable in Act 1 scene 2 when Hal agrees to go with thee (1.2.152) to the robbery at Gads Hill, precisely like Falstaff. Hal accepts Falstaff as his father when he says Do thou stand for my father (1.2.64), meaning that Falstaff actually is like a father to Hal. Falstaff is a substitute father to one that Hal never managed to please. However, though this may seem apparent, it is quite likely that Hal is actually playing along with Falstaff, but keeping his distance. This is made flagrant through Hals reformation which is planned from the start. Falstaff and Hal have a strong relationship from the start of the play and it is somewhat obvious that Falstaff is Hals entertainer. Through the way that these two speak to each other the spectators can acknowledge a powerful bond. Frequently, comments like I prithee, sweet wag (1.2.12) occur between them showing that they are comfortable speaking together and that they have acquired a firm companionship. Furthermore, in the scene after the robbery at Gads Hill in which Hal, Poins and Falstaff contemplate the robbery (especially 2.4.175-205), it seems to take a very long time for Falstaff to grasp that it was Hal and Poins who robbed him. Hal and Poins discuss how Falstaff failed to get the money from the robbers, therefore Falstaff reluctantly plays on with them to show them that he is powerful and had to out-muscle several men. Yet by looking at the previous and subsequent scenes it becomes rather clear that Falstaff is a clever individual and that it cannot be true that he did not understand what happened at Gads Hill. Therefore, could Falstaff be playing along at this point just for Hals entertainment and resultantly taking his role as a comedian? Throughout the play it is therefore acknowledged that Falstaffs true aim is to make the future king happy; this could be for two vital reasons; he truly wants Hal to be happy or he is trying to secure a firm relationship with the future king for his own benefit. However, soon Hal mentions ending his relationship with Falstaff. During their mock role-play Falstaff (pretending to be Hal) tells Hal (pretending to be Henry IV) to Banish/plump Jack, and banish all the world. Then Hal replies to Falstaffs jovial speech I do, I will (2.4.397-399). These short snappy words give an insight that maybe what Hal is saying he actually means, maybe Hal will discard Falstaff due to the new found light of his reformation, and maybe that kingship should come before this dwindling relationship. Hal will discard Falstaff as can be seen from his soliloquy. When Hal decides to make himself like bright metal on a sullen ground, (1.2.172) he knows that he can use Falstaff to portray Hals ghastly past but then shine like a star as he bursts into kingship. It is for this reason and this reason only that Hal may wish to keep this relationship with Falsftaff, thus using him for his own benefit. Moreover, not long after Hal calls Falstaff a villainous abominable misleaders of youth, which once again is part of the so called role play but could in fact be the revelation of the truth. It may seem that Hal sees Falstaff as an obstruction on his path to glory however Hal is actually using Falstaff to make himself look bad and then have this sudden reformation and make himself look so much better. So instead he is in fact using Falstaff as a stepping stone across the deep and difficult river, known as the public eye. This is the very reason why Falstaff is trying so hard to maintain a companionship with Hal, only to steal his glory. This happens towards the end of the play when Falstaff betrays Hal. Falstaff lies that he killed the gallant Hotspur (1.1.52), not Hal. This can be seen when Hal says For my part, if a lie do thee grace (5.5.148). This has made it very possible and almost inevitable that Falstaff is in search for more honour, this source could indeed be Hal, Falstaffs supposed friend. Henry IV and Hal have a very convoluted and changing relationship. From the very beginning of the play it seems exceptionally manifest that Henry IV is a callous and unloving father and that his priorities lie not in his family but rather in himself and therefore his country. Henry IV is envious of Northumberland that he Should be a father to so blest a son (1.1.79). It is difficult to believe that a father does not love his only son as much as he does another person. Even if he did have these malicious judgments, it is still irregular that he tells it to other people so candidly in such a way. Henry IV is consequently disregarding Hal as part of his family at all and showing signs of hatred towards him. This reaches the extent that Henry IV actually wishes that he would have his Harry, and he mine (1.1.89), so not only is the king disappointed with his son but he would rather trade him for another. This will make Hal feel less happy with his own father and wish to seek this love from another, even Falstaff. The king is not giving his son a chance to prove himself and is seeing riot and dishonour (1.1.84) in him. On the other hand, Hal has a lot of respect for his father and later tries to achieve a stronger relationship. Hal calls his father his thrice-gracious lord, (3.2.93) showing a lot of respect and nobility. In addition, Hal tells his father I am your son, (3.2.134), never before has Hal considered himself as a son to his father or as his characteristics worthy of a son. This is apparent when Hal tells his father that wherein [his]youth/Hath faulty wandered (3.2.26-27) thus admitting his mistakes and that he has not made his father proud. He is therefore agreeing that he has not shown qualities worthy of a son and that maybe that he had never really considered himself to be one. These few words truly stand out amongst the rest that Hal will show his father the respect he deserves and that he will strengthen this relationship between them. Hal is trying to mend his mistakes while leaving Falstaff behind at the same time because he considered Falstaff as one of these mistakes. This scene in particular is a very crucial scene in the bonding relationship between father and son. Hal comes forward to his father and confesses of the wrongs he has done and appeals for redemption from his father. This scene can almost be visualised with Hal down on his knees and his father sitting on high throne by his side. This is the exact moment in the play when the relationship between Hal and Henry IV is restored. It is difficult to hear advice and more difficult to accept it yet Hal does so, not with Falstaff but with Henry IV. Nevertheless, it takes two to make a relationship work and this cannot be done by Hal alone, his father also needs to show equal respect to him. We find that Henry IV cares a great deal for his son, more than we had ever thought from previous scenes (like Act 1 scene 1). Henry IV continually gives Hal greatly needed advice of how As thou art this hour was Richard then (3.2.94), he warns him of how he should avoid being like Richard, the unsuccessful king was. He warns him with his true care that if he is not to show his kingly features Hotspur could easily take the throne away from him. This advice Henry gives with his true care for Hal, with fear of Hals future. Additionally, Henry IV tells Hal things he would only ever tell someone truly near him. This is evident when Henry IV says Why, Harry, do I tell thee of my foes, (3.2.122). By Henry IV telling this to Hal he is showing Hal this respect he has for him and that he too is willing to make this relationship work out. This scene truthfully shows a father and son in a relationship as they ought to be. Therefore, Hal and Falstaff once had a powerful relationship with one another in which Falstaff was a benevolent figure, but it seems that Hal is trying to destroy this relationship and force it to deteriorate because of this kingship he needs to tend to. Despite how strongly Falstaff may try to maintain their relationship it always seems to be falling apart. Furthermore, Falstaff is not actually trying to be Hals acquaintance but instead is trying to steal his glory. Similarly, the relationship with his father is very week to start. The king is very openly disgusted in his son and would prefer not to have him at all. However, later on in the play their relationship becomes much stronger, they have found faith in one another, the father has given the needed advice and the son has submissively accepted it. It seems that there has been a shift from Falstaff to Henry, as Hals relationship with Falstaff deteriorated his relationship with his father has progressed.

Anorexia and Bulimia - A Growing Epidemic Essay -- Causes of Bulimia N

Bulimia and anorexia is a growing epidemic in America. Bulimia and Anorexia can start at any age, but is most common between the ages of 11-17 years old. Of all the individuals that experience this illness only 50% of all of them are ever cured, and another 6% that suffer from this horrible illness will experience death. This illness has become very deadly to our young adults. Bulimia and anorexia can cause a distorted image in a persons mind because they truly believe they are overweight. In their minds they are beyond doubt obese. Even if the person weighs only 95 pounds. This sickness has the person thinking they are overweight. This could bring about a severe bout of depression. Once the person hits the stage of depression professional help is needs because the feeling of being overweight and depression could put the individual over the edge. Individual experiencing Bulimia go on what is called eating binges. Eating binges are when people eat longer amounts of food in less then two hours. (Internet3) Then after they binge they feel guilt or shame so they need to undo their behavior. To undo their behavior they make themselves vomit, or they take laxatives, water pills or starve themselves. (Cauwel21) Binge and poring usually occurs more than two times a week for at least three months. (Internet1) What cause bulimia and anorexia? It can be brought on by stress or depression, but most often dieting causes it. (Erichsen 12) Stressful situations such as death can bring about bulimia and anorexia. Also many young adults frequently experience sessions of depression for various circumstances during their adolescent’s years. But, again most of the time bulimia and anorexia is trigger by dieting. (Moe 21) Many psychological factors play a big role in the cause of bulimia and anorexia. People that have a fear of growing up sometimes have incidents with anorexia because they think that if they stop eating they want get older or bigger. (Erichsen15) Ford5 People need to take control of themselves if they are anorexia or bulimia because they can control how much they eat or if they want to eat. (internet1) If a person feels out of control because of difficulties at home they should control what they eat or if they are going to eat. The people that suppress anger need to release it and get it out. If there is a major life change, such as divorce, family problems,... ...rging behavior. Challenging the weight and body image beliefs of the patients is also part of the treatment. Improving self-esteem and ability to communicate needs and feelings may be the key to the treatment. Each case is different, so the course of treatment for each patient is different but the guideline for case is the same. Anorexia patients mostly start off with small amounts of nutritious and easily digestible foods such as eggs, custards, soups, and milkshakes are usually what they eat the first days. People that have anorexia extra calcium and multivitamins pills to help with the large loss the body has sustained. (internet2) Bulimia and anorexia causes a distorted image in a persons mind, this is because they believe they are overweight. Depression is usually one of the first symptoms. Many people have suffered from this illness or still are suffering. Bulimia and anorexia could happen to a person at any age, but is most common in teenagers because of the problems young adults experience during. Most of the time it is trigger by dieting, but no matter how it is triggered it is a very dangerous illness. Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Small Business - Try our new resources site!

Compare Shopping Online with Traditional Shopping Essay

Traditional shopping is going directly to the physical stores and purchasing the items whereas online shopping is purchasing the items from merchants who sell on the Internet. Since the emergence of the World Wide Web, merchants have sought to sell their products to people who surf the Internet. Online Shopping is widely perceived as a cheaper and easier way of finding lower prices and bargains in most sectors. However, both online and traditional shopping media are synergy to one another and yet still have several similarities and differences. Shopping online gives the user the opportunity to search for the product they want through endless avenues. Shopping online could be a great option because it can be time effective especially for those who have a busy life style or are just too lazy to get up to go to the store. The world of online shopping can make it easier to price shop. Instead of having to drive from store to store looking at prices only to find that, the best price was at the first store, you could simply switch from window to window on your computer. Also with online shopping, you can have items delivered right to your door. In addition, there is always the possibility of having to pay shipping costs when shopping online. Many online stores that will ship within a certain area free but many times if you are located outside of the city or area you will need to pay immense shipping prices. Companies have been trying to improve this negative aspect of online shopping by making deals like â€Å"spend over $200.00 and get free shipping†, but not all sites offer these deals. Security is another concern when it comes to online shopping. With online shopping, there is no way for you to know if someone is stealing your data. You do not even know if you will actually get the items, you purchase. This renders online shopping a bit more unsecure. By shopping in a traditional store, you can avoid shipping costs because you can simply take your items home with you after you purchase them. Customers can purchase the products directly by making selections by watching, touching, smelling, tasting, etc. They are near and easily available to the customers. Therefore, they can get the items immediately. Customers can get numerous options to purchase anything at lower prices at any time. There is less confusion, because the customer shops directly from physical stores. Customers can save money by getting the products at lower prices and by getting discounts from local storeowners. Generally, storeowners give excellent discounts for regular customers. Shoppers can also compare prices in different stores so that he or she can purchase an item at a lower cost and with good quality. Shoppers can also visit many stores, so he or she has several choices to store in different stores. If the shopper is not satisfied with products in one store then he can move to another store and purchase. Traditional shopping can be a recreational activity and it can be exercise for shoppers. It is easy to return the product, if the customer gets the incorrect product or a damaged product. There is no worry about security, such as fraud and lack of privacy in online shopping. Online shopping has grown to new heights over the last decade and shows no signs of regressing. The internet has brought practically every store in the world to the fingertips of anyone with internet access. Online shopping has grown so large that many companies are not investing in buildings and mall space, but rather in online websites and web advertising. Traditional shopping does have its positives, in terms of reliability and safety. Though online shopping is a global phenomenon, traditional shopping will not evaporate any time soon. In concluding, it is important, as an individual, to research whether online shopping or traditional shopping is effective for you, as both have its own hindrances. Source: Amy, Nutt (2009). Traditional Vs Online Shopping. Retrieved November 28, 2012 from http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Amy_Nutt Darrell, Rigby (2011). The Future of Shopping. Retrieved November 28,2012 from hbr.org/2011/12/the-future-of-shopping

An Analysis of Three Short Stories and Their Central Theme Essay

Throughout time, one of the most interesting social structures that is worth studying or analyzing would be the family. Needless to say, family plays a very important role in society-building since this is where all of us are able to find our respective identities. The three extraordinary works presented in this analysis will focus on the issue of family disharmony as well as the role of women in society during the earlier days of modern civilization. This particular analysis will look at three literary masterpieces crafted into perfection by three of the most distinguished women writers of our time:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Women Hollering Creek† by Sandra Cisnerno, â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, and â€Å"Revolt of a Mother† by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman. â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek† was first published in Sandra Cisneros’s 1991 collection of short stories, Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories. The short story basically describes the lives of Mexicans who have crossed the border to live on †el otro lado† (376) — the other side—in the American Southwest. The main character in the story is Cleofilas, who is trapped in a constricting, culturally assigned gender role due to her linguistic isolation, violent marriage, and poverty. The author successfully weaves allusion to women in Mexican history and folklore –representing the same alienation and struggle being experienced by many women across the borders. As noted by one of the characters in the short story, Felice, there is clearly an existing domination of man over women in the culture they are in, and she goes about by noting â€Å"Did you ever notice how nothing around here is named after a woman? Really.   Unless she’s the virgin.   I guess you’re only famous if you’re a virgin†. (385) From this statement by Felice, we can see how lowly women are treated in the family structure.   Furthermore, it would appear from this statement that women are only valued that time based on certain physical qualifications (i.e. virginity) and not by their intrinsic value to the family. In this particular story, one striking point is the strong depiction of the author of a woman struggling to free herself from normal romantic expectations regarding domestic stability by choosing to leave her husband and finding herself in the process. The fact that the main character finds the strength to leave her family is a clear indication that family disharmony was very much existent in their home. The unequal treatment of women and the rigid gender structures at that time were clearly too much for the main character that she opted to break free from all these.   In fact, in one scene, Cleofilas laments the situation of women and the limited choices they have during her time saying â€Å"Tu o nadie. Somehow one ought to live one’s life like that, don’t you think?   You or no one.   Because to suffer for love is good.   The pain all sweet somehow.   In the end.† (377) In the short story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, the author basically tells the story of a mother’s conflicted relationship with her two daughters – a common scenario for any family, past or present. The issue of generation gap is clearly indicated in this story where the mother tries to explain to her two daughters the significance and representation of a particular quilt. What is an important piece of cloth to her is clearly nothing much to her two daughters, thus, creating family disharmony. As with many other stories by Walker, â€Å"Everyday Use† is narrated by the unrefined voice of a rural black woman, in the author’s attempt to give a voice to a traditionally disenfranchised segment of the population. Mama describes herself as a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands.   â€Å"In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day.   I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man† (35). This description, along with her reference to a second grade education makes the reader understand that the main character takes pride in the practical aspects of her nature and that she has not spent a great deal of time contemplating abstract concepts such as heritage. However, her lack of education and refinement does not prevent her from having an inherent understanding of heritage based on her love and respect for those who came before her.   This is clear from her ability to associate pieces of fabric in two quilts with the people whose clothes they had been cut from: â€Å"In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago.   Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell’s Paisley shirts.   And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra’s uniform that he wore in the Civil War.† (40) The quilts have a special meaning to Mama.   When she moves up to touch the quilts, she is reaching out to touch the people whom the quilts represent. One of the most important themes in ‘‘The Revolt of ‘Mother’’’ is the distinction and reversal of traditional gender roles. Sarah’s initial acceptance of Adoniram’s building of the barn, despite his 40-year-old promise of building her a house on that spot, shows the prevalent belief that her duty is to follow her husband. Though Sarah does express her feelings to her husband, when he refuses to speak about the matter, she lets the subject drop, and the barn goes up. Adoniram’s refusal to truly listen to Sarah’s concerns throughout the story are clearly shown in his last words: ‘‘Why, mother, I hadn’t no idea you was so set on’t as all this comes to.’’(12) Throughout the story, Sarah has tried to explain her feelings but, Adoniram is not accustomed to listening to his wife – as per the custom during those times. Just like the two earlier short stories, â€Å"Revolt of a Mother† by Mary E. Freeman also touches on the role of women in small New England towns during the late 19th century. In this particular story, Freeman’s emphasis lies more with the oppression and rebellion of women. She portrays the main character as insistent on receiving equal treatment from her husband –clearly conveying women’s lack of power during those times. In fine, this particular story focuses on the struggle of women everywhere to reach out and make her presence felt to the society she is living in, especially in the family where she is part of. I believe every woman would feel frustrated with the treatment being given to the protagonist in this particular story since she is practically ignored by her husband. These three short stories enable us to see how the family structure works during the periods covered in each. Unlike the structure that we have right now, it would appear that the role that each one plays in the family is dependent on two important factors: gender and seniority. Obviously, discord was evident in each of the relationships presented because of the rigidity of the family structure during this period. Women were not given much room to assert their rights and children were often expected to carry out the wishes of their parents regardless of their own beliefs or opinion. The three stories are also very noteworthy because they focus on the role of women in society. Women have always been viewed as the weaker sex, but as the three short stories prove, women are far more resilient than many male chauvinists would give credit for. In fact, the role of women has evolved over the past few centuries and gender roles have evolved quite dramatically over the past few years. Whereas the female characters in the three short stories are confined by the limitations of their gender, the modern woman now faces a myriad of opportunities waiting for her. I believe that reading stories such as the three classics mentioned above are very poignant in the sense that they allow us to see how far we have come in terms of accepting women and the very important role they play in the development of the society. As they always say, behind every successful man, is an even more successful woman.

Free Essays on Violence Against Women

Violence against Women When is the last time you were scared of being attacked while walking through a parking lot by yourself with your mace ready in hand. Most likely if you are a female it was just the other day when you got off of work late or had to run to the store late at night for something. However if you are a man this might have never happened to you, better yet the thought of being attacked probably doesn’t occupy your mind like it does a females. The fact is males aren’t threatened nearly as much as females are on a day to day base. Being attacked is only the beginning of fear women have; domestic violence is another. Statistically speaking you probably know someone that knows someone, or know someone yourself, that has either been raped or a victim of domestic violence. If you don’t you probably will sometime in your life. Violence against women can be a controversial issue since many don’t realize what qualifies for violence against women and the reality of how s erious it is can be. The seriousness can be told by statistics alone; however there are ways to fight it and one day, hopefully, make it a lighter topic of discussion with a little effort from everyone. Violence against women can range from physical abuse, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and even economical abuse (Population Report). Some may say that these can happen to men too, so why all the commotion about it being toward women? Well the truth of the matter is ninety-nine percent of all rape cases include women as the victim according to UNLV’s Safe Team staff. That leaves only one percent of rape victims being men. If that ratio doesn’t say enough about the drastic difference in proportion, then not much will. But why are these statistics so high? According to Saint Martha’s Hall abuse is used by men in attempt to gain control over his/her partner whether it be by using fear or physical force. Some men just have a desire to control ot... Free Essays on Violence Against Women Free Essays on Violence Against Women Violence against Women When is the last time you were scared of being attacked while walking through a parking lot by yourself with your mace ready in hand. Most likely if you are a female it was just the other day when you got off of work late or had to run to the store late at night for something. However if you are a man this might have never happened to you, better yet the thought of being attacked probably doesn’t occupy your mind like it does a females. The fact is males aren’t threatened nearly as much as females are on a day to day base. Being attacked is only the beginning of fear women have; domestic violence is another. Statistically speaking you probably know someone that knows someone, or know someone yourself, that has either been raped or a victim of domestic violence. If you don’t you probably will sometime in your life. Violence against women can be a controversial issue since many don’t realize what qualifies for violence against women and the reality of how s erious it is can be. The seriousness can be told by statistics alone; however there are ways to fight it and one day, hopefully, make it a lighter topic of discussion with a little effort from everyone. Violence against women can range from physical abuse, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and even economical abuse (Population Report). Some may say that these can happen to men too, so why all the commotion about it being toward women? Well the truth of the matter is ninety-nine percent of all rape cases include women as the victim according to UNLV’s Safe Team staff. That leaves only one percent of rape victims being men. If that ratio doesn’t say enough about the drastic difference in proportion, then not much will. But why are these statistics so high? According to Saint Martha’s Hall abuse is used by men in attempt to gain control over his/her partner whether it be by using fear or physical force. Some men just have a desire to control ot...

SAT Scoring - Find Out What Your Score Means

SAT Scoring - Find Out What Your Score Means An SAT score is the score awarded to students who have completed the SAT, a standardized test administered by the College Board. The SAT is an admissions test commonly used by colleges and universities in the United States.   How Colleges Use SAT Scores The SAT tests  critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills. Students who take the test are given a score for each section. Colleges look at the scores to determine your skill level and readiness for college. The higher your score is, the better it looks to admission committees who are trying to determine which students should be accepted to their school and which students should be rejected.   Although SAT scores are important, they are not the only thing that schools look at during the admissions process. College admissions committees also consider essays, interviews, recommendations, community involvement, your high school GPA, and much more.   SAT Sections The SAT is split into several different test sections: Reading Test  - This portion of the exam includes command of evidence, words in context, and data analysis questions.   Writing and Language Test  - The questions on the SAT Writing and Language test your ability to analyze writing and correct writing errors. Questions focus on word choice, organization, impact, evidence, and standard English conventions. Math Test  - This section of the SAT asks questions related to algebra, data analysis, and advanced math (complex equations, geometry, trigonometry).    Essay (Optional)  - Students can take the SAT or the SAT with Essay. In other words, the essay is optional. Before you decide not to do the essay, though, you should know that some colleges and universities require SAT essay scores as part of the admissions process. SAT Scoring Range SAT scoring can be very hard to understand, so we are going to take a closer look at how each section is scored so that you can make sense of all of the numbers. The first thing that you need to know is that the scoring range for the SAT is 400-1600 points. Every test taker receives a score in that range. A 1600 is the best score you can get on the SAT. This is what is known as a perfect score. Although there are some students that get a perfect score every year, it is not a very common occurrence.   The two main scores that you need to worry about are: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Score: The EBRW score combines your scores from the Reading Test and the Writing and Language Test. Your EBRW score will range from 200-800 points.   Math Score: The math score ranges from 200-800 points.   If you decide to take the SAT with Essay, you will be given a score for your essay as well. This score ranges from 2-8 points, with 8 being the highest possible score.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 86

Assignment Example Hint: There are two null hypotheses for each research question here. (2 pts. each, 8 pts. total). (d) List the type of variable for the dependent variable and independent variables (categorical or continuous). (.50 pt. each, 4 pts. total). Recall that researchers often compute total scores or average scores as a composite score when using measures. 1. What statistical test did the researchers conduct to test research question 2 and research question 3? (1 pt.) Was each test the appropriate one to use? Why or why not? (1 pt.) Hint: Consider how many groups they were comparing for school type by looking at the dfbetween in Table 3. 4. What is the Cohen’s d effect size for the difference in cyber bullying between males and females? (1 pt.) Interpret the effect size as small, medium, or large. (.50 pt.) Interpret the effect size in terms of standard deviation. (1 pt.) 1. Did the intervention (KWL group) and control groups statistically significantly differ on the pre-tests for the MAT, MI, or MAS? Support your answer with evidence from the article. Include what alpha level the researchers used as the criterion. (2 pts.) An Independent Samples t-test is used to draw inferences about two populations by comparing TWO INDEPENDENT samples on a continuous level dependent variable. In this case the researchers were drawing conclusions about the pre-test scores study group and control groups which are independent. 1. (a) State one research question from your area of interest that could be answered with an Independent Samples t-test (2 pts.). Identify the (b) independent variable (1 pt.), (c) dependent variable (1 pt.), and types of variables in your research question (2 pts.). 2. (a) State one research question from your area of interest that could be answered with a One-Way Analysis of Variance (2 pts.). Identify the (b) independent variable (1 pt.), (c) dependent variable (1 pt.), and types of variables in your research question (2 pts.). 3. (a) State one

Bonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bonds - Essay Example Bonds carrying premium are issued at a price above the face value of the bond whereas bonds issued at discount are normally below the face value of the bond. There are various reasons as to why the bonds are normally issued at face value, or at discount or at premium and this largely depends upon the different circumstances. If the overall reputation and creditworthiness of the firm is relatively good in the market and investors have relatively better expectations of the future performance of the firm than the firm may be able to sell its bonds at premium. Selling on premium may also be because of the fact that existing bond issues having similar risk characteristics may be offering lower interest rates therefore by if the issuer is willing to offer higher rate of return to the lenders than it may be possible that the bond will be issued at premium. Similarly, bonds may be offered at discount because issuing firm may not enjoy the relatively better credit ratings in the industry and investors are not willing to put more money into the firm. Selling at discount can also be due to the fact that overall yield offered by the bond may be significantly lower than the existing bonds of same risk category thus investors, in order to get compensated for the opportunity forgone to earn higher interest demand from issuing firms to offer their bonds at discount. (Navarro, 2003) Finally issuing bonds at face value indicates the indifference of the investors towards the company i.e. investors may not have relatively more trust in the future prospects of the company and may be expecting to earn normal rate of returns on their investment. Selling at face value does not however mean that the firm is not doing well or may be facing difficulties in future but in actual it indicates the ability of the firm to match its offerings according to the market expectations. There are different reporting requirements for bonds issued at premium, discount and face

Explain How Far Wilfred Owen Challenges the Notion that it is Sweet Essay

Explain How Far Wilfred Owen Challenges the Notion that it is Sweet and Noble to Die For Your Country Using The Poems Dulce et - Essay Example Even after a war ends the violent and troubling memories keep haunting a soldier’s mind. Sometimes when the soldier becomes physically disabled he is unable to carry out the normal activities of life and to such a man what remains are only the memories with which he has to live throughout. When the young children in their schools are told how noble it is to fight for one’s land and people, it might sound really righteous but the truths which unfold as one takes a closer look at the consequences of war especially on the lives of those noble doers, one is bound to be discouraged and all motivations in favor of warfare seem meaningless in front of sheer humanity. He draws out visual images in some of his poems, where the physical, and mental suffering of the troops are vividly described. In the war poems, ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ and ‘Disabled’ he challenges the notion that dying for one’s country is sweet and noble. The poem ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ describes just another day in the World War I when the soldiers are marching towards their place of rest but at that very moment gas bombs begin to drop around them. They hurry for their masks and weapons but some of the ravaged bodies fail to save themselves from the attack. The author writes in a personal tone and tells the readers what he witnesses as vividly as possible with frequent use of similes –â€Å"But someone still was yelling out and stumbling,/ And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime† (Owen, line9). He focuses the description now on a single person who dies in the attack and this vision continuously haunts him in his dreams later on. He gradually shifts from first person to third person and then to second person in his address. Towards the end the poet conveys to the people at home their experience of violence and distress and wishes that they could witness the same. At the very beginning he stressed upon the very appearance of the people marching towards their place of rest. He does not address the men as soldiers or warriors; rather he compares them to old beggars and hags. He even uses the metaphoric comparison between their walk and the term ‘cursed’ which he uses to describe the miserable conditions as they march through the muddle trenches. The experience seemed to have them under some kind of a curse. The poet at times uses the technique of creating a caesura or a pause in a line of the poem in order to signify the realism precisely. The language is brief and curt as he mentions ‘Men marched asleep’ (Owen,line4). This sentence makes the men look like ghost figures walking in the dark. They are so exhausted that they almost are falling asleep. The poet uses alliterations I the form of repeated words beginning with ‘l’ – â€Å"Many had lost their boots/But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind† (Owen, line4). The words indicate they were cover ed in blood and therefore the war has enveloped their physical and mental forms. The idea here is to put forth the dragging effect on the readers just as the fatigued soldiers dragged themselves towards the tent. He changes drastically the motion by using brief lines: â€Å"Five-nines/that dropped behind. Gas!/Gas! Quick boys!†(Owen, line7), which generates the effect of fast action amidst the slow movements. Suddenly there seems to be a rush for safety. The fear struck cries and bombs falling all around leads to the environment, which brings on merciless deaths that render a stomach

Effects of Industrial Revolution in the World Essay Example for Free

Effects of Industrial Revolution in the World Essay Industrial Revolution [pic] In the 1700s, the world was on the verge of a great change – the industrial revolution. By the end of the eighteenth century, the industrial revolution was well under way in England and would spread to the rest of Europe, the United States, and Japan during the next hundred years. Before the industrial revolution, Europe and the rest of the world were rural societies. Over three quarters of the population lived on farms, and in the busiest of countries only a few hundred thousand out of several million lived in towns and cities. Tools and the few machines that existed then were made mostly from wood. European products were handmade and the power to operate these tools came from human muscles. The only other available power sources were wind and water, but the use of wind and water-powered machinery was restricted to places where the wind and water power was reliable. Therefore, what’s known as the domestic system was used. The domestic system is a form of manufacturing in which goods were produced in the homes, either alone or in very small groups. A few industries used simple factories, single-room buildings or workshops for the manufacture of luxury goods, such as cloth and the production on certain military weapons. â€Å"This world of cottage industries and wooden tools was about to be transformed. After the industrial revolution, only traces of this former existence would remain. † (Corrick, 12) The industrial revolution began in eighteenth-century England. England had money and natural resources, but most importantly, people. The industrial revolution required both workers and consumers. England had a population boom in the 1700s due to cured diseases, healthier childbirths, and more and better food. Economic historian Phyllis Deane says, â€Å"Without the rising demand for goods†¦which reflected†¦the growth of population, there would have been less incentive for British producers to expand†¦and hence some of the dynamism which powered the industrial revolution would have been lost. † (Corrick, 18) With the growth of population came the demand for goods and the need for better, easier, and cheaper ways to make these goods. England also had a natural abundance of iron and coal. Iron became increasingly important because it was a common building material and an essential factor in the development of mechanical production. With England’s jagged coastline, which provided excellent natural harbors, iron became a major export. In addition to people, natural resources, and inventions, money was needed to start the industrial revolution. England had roads, banks, insurance brokers, and all the things needed to open a business. Rich English traders were more than eager to put their wealth to work and invest in English industry. England had all the factors of production and was the ideal region for the start of the industrial revolution. Another great English industry aside from iron production was the textile industry. â€Å"The export of cloth accounted for about a third of all English trade, both at home and abroad. † (Corrick, 20) In 1733 John Kay invented the flying shuttle. When added to the regular hand loom, a single weaver was able to work the loom. Even though the weaving was still done by hand, it went faster and weavers turned out cloth much more rapidly. Following the invention of the flying shuttle were James Hargreaves and his spinning jenny, Richard Arkwright and the water frame, Samuel Crompton and Crompton’s mule, and probably most importantly, James Watt and the steam engine. With the ending of Watt’s patents, other inventors were able to make the steam engine more powerful and find more uses for it. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the industrial revolution played an important role in England. New and larger factories were filling the English landscape. In the meanwhile, the revolution began to spread: first to Western Europe, then all over the world. Although England was the center of the revolution, France had its fair share of inventors. Nicolas-Louis Robert developed a machine that turned out paper in long rolls, Claude-Louis Berthollet invented chlorine bleaching of linen, and Joseph-Marie Jacquard built a machine that was able to pattern cloth with elaborate designs. Despite these new inventions, most technology was still found in England, so Europeans were drawn to England to study the new machines. England tried to stop it by passing laws banning the export of technology, but they couldn’t stop the technology transfer from England to the rest of Europe. When Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power in France, it became more difficult for the industrial revolution to come to continue spreading in France. Although Napoleon promoted modernization of the French textile industry, England was soon at war with Napoleon and established a naval blockade of Europe. The blockade cut off French manufacturers from raw materials normally imported from England. Once Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo, France began modernizing industry with illegally bought British equipment and imported English workers. However, unlike England whose iron production played an important role in industry, â€Å"French industry instead concentrated on a ‘lighter’ type of manufacturing, particularly the luxury trade. † (Corrick, 35) The French specialized in printing designs onto cotton cloth and also got into the manufacturing of furniture. Germany also had a hard time industrializing. Germany was not a unified country and the independent states were separated by religion, currency, and even viewed each other as economic rivals. â€Å"They discourage emigration and levied custom duties†¦not only on goods entering from other states but even on trade between towns and cities within the same state. † (Corrick, 36) There were many economic barriers between the German territories. One German state, Prussia, played a major role in bringing industry to Germany. Prussia joined with a number of states to form the Zollverein. They didn’t charge customs and allowed goods to go freely though their territories. The other states were at an economic disadvantage and joined the Zollverein. Now manufacturers were able to move in and set up factories within the union’s boundaries. Prussia also helped remove serfs and guilds, which were both standing in the way of industry. Now that serfs were no longer bound to their landlord’s farms, Germany was exposed to an important amount of capable industrial workers. In1810, Prussia enacted a law that opened manufacturing to guild and non-guild members, Other German states followed Prussia’s lead and by the 1830s, many obstacles to German industrialization were down. The industrial revolution didn’t stay in Europe. It eventually spread to the United States and Japan as well. Unlike most countries, Japan was extremely resistant to industry. Japan had a strict policy of isolation from the rest of the world. The rulers of Japan, or the shoguns, thought of the rest of the world as barbarians, and didn’t want corrupt foreign ideas to pollute Japanese society. For that reason, the Japanese lacked all modern technology, and it was for that same reason that July 8, 1853 marked one of the greatest turning points in Japanese history. On that day, US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Edo Bay with orders from President Millard Fillmore the Japanese to open Japan to the outside world, even if using force was necessary. The Tokugawa shogunate was in charge of Japan at the time and the government attempted to show the strength of Japan’s military, but Commodore Perry was well aware that his military advantage was superior. Eventually the Tokugawa realized that their forces are no match for the American military might, so in 1854 Japan gave in and signed the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US. Once Japan was open to the US, there was no way to close it. Japan in due course signed treaties with England, Russia, and Holland. The stage was now set for revolution in Japan, leading to the Meiji Restoration, and ultimately to the beginning of industry. Japanese daimyos launched a brief rebellion and were able to overthrow the Tokugawa. â€Å"Rather than submit to the same fate (as Korea, China, and other East Asian islands being dominated by the West), Japanese leaders decided on a bold and unprecedented strategy†¦to initiate a massive modernization program†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nardo, 21) They believed that there was no other way for Japan to become a great independent nation, and through odernization Japan could be militarily and economically equal to the Western powers. The newly empowered Meiji made a major change – industrialization. He sent young upperclassmen to Europe and America to learn engineering, economics, and military science. Every year he ordered the construction of new railroads, steamships, ports, and canals. Huge corporations now dominated the economic landscape. Industrialization arose in Western European countries because they desired it. People always wanted more, and they wanted it fast. France saw British success and wanted it. German states such as Prussia saw the British success and wanted it. That was the difference between industrialization in Europe and industrialization in Japan: Japan didn’t want it. Japan was determined to stay isolated as long as possible and only rose to the challenge of industrialization because they realized the dangers of not industrializing. The Japanese were too proud to be economically and militarily less superior to the rest of the world. The industrial revolution was a major turning point in world history.